Paper Title: The Immune Modulating Properties of Pine Pollen.
Objective
Researchers Zhang Tun and Jianping Zhu conducted an observational study to determine the impact of Pine Pollen on positively modulating the immune system.
Study Methodology and Design
Randomly group the mice into four categories: negative control group (purified water), low-dosage, medium-dosage and high-dosage groups. Each group will be fed 0.25g, 0.5g and 1.5g/kg (body weight) with cell-broken Pine Pollen powder, which is equivalent to 5 times, 10 times, and 30 times of human clinical dosage.
After 30 days, we will conduct the following tests: serum hemolysin measurement, mice peritoneal macrophages phagocytosis ability test on chicken erythrocyte, dinitrofluorobenzene-induced delayed type hypersensitivity test (DTH), NK cell activity test, mice antibody formation (Hemolytic plaque number), thymus index, and spleen index test.
Influence of Pine Pollen on the Immune Modulation Function in Mice |
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Group | Antibody Titre Level | Phagocytic Rate (%) | Phagocytic Index | Swelling Level (mg) | NK Cell Activity (%) | Thymus Index (%) | Spleen Index (%) | Hemolytic Plaque Number (*1000/Total Splenectomy) | OD Value + Control A | OD Value w/o Control A | Difference Value |
Negative Control Group | 66.0 ± 18.5 | 11 ± 2.0 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 19.6 ± 3.1 | 27.4 ± 3.9 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.64 ± 0.07 | 9.7 ± 2.2 | 1.388 ± 0.027 | 1.304 ± 0.020 | 0.084 ± 0.009 |
Low Dosage Group | 68.6 ± 24.2 | 11 ± 1.6 | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 17.6 ± 5.4 | 29.7+4.8 | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.66 ± 0.13 | 9.7 ± 2.9 | 1.405 ± 0.033 | 1.314 ± 0.023 | 0.091 ± 0.014 |
Medium Dosage Group | 101.2 ± 25.1 (a) | 14+1.9 (a) | 0.23 ± 0.04 (a) | 22.4+3.5 | 33.0 ± 49 (a) | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.68 ± 0.16 | 14.4 ± 2.2 (a) | 1.433 ± 0.032 (a) | 1.312 ± 0.020 | 0.121 ± 0.015 (a) |
The levels of antibody titre, phagocytic rate, phagocytic index, swelling, hemolytic plaque numbers, NK cell activity, and the difference in ear size between the left and right ears due to dinitrofluorobenzene-induced delayed type hypersensitivity, were significantly higher in the medium and high dosage groups compared to the negative control group. However, there was no significant change in the Thymus index or Spleen index.
Conclusion and Significance
The experiment above demonstrates that cracked cell wall Pine Pollen can increase cellular immune function and cytophagy function. This increase might be due to the nutrition found in Pine Pollen.
Disclosures
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